The fine varies depending on the jurisdiction. I have personally never written this ticket. Officers rarely know the amount of the fine because once the ticket leaves our hands we don't have anything to do with it unless it goes to court. Even then the judge has discretion on fine amounts and surcharges.
Towing is about $ 70 or so.
It is the officers discretion on towing the car in a situation like that. The drivers attitude can play a big part in the decision (as with most traffic related citations).
The most common reasons for having a vehicle towed are arrest of the driver, undrivable vehicle due to wreck, abandoned/burned vehicle and a vehicle used in a crime that needs to be processed for fingerprints, etc.
Rarely is a vehicle towed due to a a violation of emmisions equiptment but it has happened. I don't know how much of an improvement you will notice between an off road pipe and a pipe with high flow cats. I know the offroad pipe is way cheaper though. I put in a catted h-pipe and there was a definite small improvement and it sounds way better with the 2 chamber flowmasters.
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