I was thinking like thunderbolt. First thought is vapor lock. Check and make sure the exhaust isn't too close to the fuel lines or the tank itself.
I'm not too familiar with the big block cars, but I know the 67's w/ the big block had a huge muffler in front of the tank, and both pipes fed into and out of this one muffler, and then down each side of the gas tank. This put off a lot of heat into the gas tank, and made these cars prone to vapor lock.
Ignition system would be my second choice. You've already eliminated the fuel pump and filter...two good choices, as well as the fuel lines, which are often rusted out in these old cars.
Good luck, and just be glad you're not here in Dallas. It's been 107-110 degrees for about a week now, and I don't have A/C in my car.
------------------
66 GT Fastback 5.0, 5-speed, cable clutch, JBA's, 3.40 gears, EFI coming soon?